What to Eat (and Avoid) to Increase Your Testosterone

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for energy, muscle mass, libido, and mood, among other things.

What you eat plays a crucial role in keeping it optimised. In this article, we cover “testosterone-boosting” foods, which supplements work, what to avoid, and what changes to make.

The foods you eat every day can affect how well your body produces (and responds to) testosterone; getting it wrong can quietly suppress it for weeks or months before you even notice anything.

This article is from the Nutrition & Lifestyle sections of our Library.

It Is Not Just About Your Blood Testosterone Level

What does “optimising” your testosterone actually mean? Most people assume this means having a high “total testosterone” reading on a blood test. But your total testosterone is only part of the picture.

A significant portion of testosterone in your blood is bound to a protein called “sex hormone-binding globulin” (SHBG), which makes it “biologically inactive” (meaning it doesn’t interact with your body).

Only "free" testosterone (not bound to anything) is actually available for your body to use.

You can have a normal total testosterone reading while still experiencing the effects of low testosterone if your SHBG is too high or if your body's hormonal signalling is disrupted in some way.

Testosterone is produced in your testes, but the amount you produce is controlled by your brain, which is sensitive to your nutritional state, stress levels, sleep and body composition.

So if you want to optimise your testosterone, it is really a “whole systems” approach — not just manipulating a single marker on a lab report.

Signs Your Testosterone May Be Low

Low testosterone is not also clear or easy to diagnose from its symptoms, but some of the most common signs include [1]:

Persistent low energy or fatigue, even with adequate sleep
Reduced sex drive or difficulty with erections
Poor sports performance, muscle loss or difficulty building muscle.
Increased body fat, particularly around the abdomen
Low mood, irritability, or difficulty concentrating

If several of these sound familiar, your diet could be a contributing factor. However, the good news is that nutritional changes can improve your testosterone, often within weeks.

How Diet Affects Testosterone

Testosterone is made from cholesterol. This means your body cannot produce testosterone without adequate amounts of dietary fat. Eating too little fat reduces the availability of this building block and will blunt the production of testosterone.

Beyond fat, your overall calorie intake acts as a signal to your testosterone production system. When calories drop too low, your body interprets this as a famine-like state and goes into "survival mode".

Your body will dial down your testosterone production; this can happen in just a few days of aggressive energy deficit [2].

Several micronutrients (like zinc, magnesium and vitamin D) are required in certain amounts to produce testosterone. If you are deficient in any of these micros, your production of testosterone will slow or stop.

Correcting these deficiencies can restore normal testosterone levels, but mega-dosing beyond adequate amounts doesn’t seem to speed up or increase testosterone production.

What to Eat to Support Testosterone

Prioritise Dietary Fat

Aim for 25–35% of your total daily calories from fat. Evidence shows that very low-fat diets (below 20% of calories from fat) can reduce testosterone levels [3]. Like the micronutrients, eating a high-fat diet (say, beyond 35%) does not further increase your testosterone levels.

The type of fat also matters, so you want to ensure you are eating enough saturated fats (e.g., eggs, red meat, full-fat dairy, and coconut oil), monounsaturated fats (e.g., olive oil, avocado, and nuts) and omega-3 fatty acids from oily fish.

Eat Enough Calories

If your goal is to optimise testosterone while maintaining a healthy bodyweight, keep any calorie deficit less than 20% below maintenance, and avoid sustained dieting for more than a few months at a time.

Strategic "re-feed" periods every two to four weeks can help restore hormonal function [2].

Eat Enough Zinc, Magnesium & Vitamin D

Good dietary sources of zinc include oysters (the richest source by far), red meat, poultry, pumpkin seeds, beans, and whole grains. Vegetarians and men who train heavily, pay attention, because they are at higher risk of zinc deficiency, as zinc is lost through sweat [4].

For magnesium, which is required for loads of bodily functions (including testosterone production), eat leafy greens, nuts and seeds, whole grains, legumes, and dark chocolate. Magnesium may also improve your sleep quality, which is important for testosterone production as well.

Vitamin D acts as a hormone, stimulating testosterone production in itself (up to a point). Eat fatty fish and eggs, but sunlight exposure is the most potent source of vitamin D.

If you live in northern latitudes and spend limited time outdoors, you may have to look at vitamin D supplementation [5].

High Quality Protein, Not Too Much or Too Little

Protein doesn’t directly drive testosterone production, but it is required to support and build muscle, recovery and a healthy body composition.

Aim for 1.6–2.2 g per kilogram of bodyweight per day from whole food sources like meat, fish, eggs, and legumes. Note that very high protein intakes (above 3.4 g/kg/day) may actually reduce testosterone levels; so again, more isn’t always better [6].

What to Avoid

Aggressive Calorie Restriction

An ultra-low-calorie diet, particularly one combined with heavy training, is one of the fastest ways to suppress testosterone [2]. Your endocrine system cannot distinguish between intentional dieting and genuine food scarcity. If you need to lose fat, do it slowly.

Very Low-Fat Diets

Diets providing less than 20% of calories from fat have been shown to reduce testosterone levels [3]. Fat-phobic eating patterns (that are common in some physique sports and fitness communities) can quietly undermine your testosterone levels.

Excess Alcohol

Regular heavy alcohol consumption suppresses testosterone production and disrupts your sleep, further compounding its disruptive effect. Occasional moderate drinking is unlikely to cause significant issues, but regular heavy use can [7].

Too Much Body Fat

Fat tissue, particularly visceral (abdominal) fat, converts testosterone to oestrogen via an enzyme called aromatase. Carrying too much body fat suppresses testosterone. So if you’re overweight, losing fat is one of the most effective things you can do for your testosterone levels.

Supplements That Work (and Ones That Don't)

Ashwagandha supplementation increases total and free testosterone, particularly for older men, stressed men, or men with low-testosterone symptoms [8]. Its effects are modest as it works (indirectly) by reducing cortisol (which suppresses testosterone) rather than directly stimulating testosterone production.

Fenugreek extract has been shown to increase testosterone by reducing the amount on a enzyme in the body that converts testosterone into estrogen [9]. Results for zinc, magnesium, vitamin D, and omega-3 supplements are mixed, and only likely to raise your testosterone levels if you’re deficient in them to start with.

Despite the aggressive marketing, there is little evidence that most (so-called) testosterone boosters actually boost your testosterone, or even contain testosterone-boosting ingredients. In fact, some of these products contain things that may disrupt testosterone production [10].

Testosterone Diet: 5-Step Plan

1. Calculate your minimum calorie needs

Use an online calculator or just multiply your body mass (in kilograms) by 30 for the bare minimum. Make sure you’re eating enough but not too much.

2. Calculate your fat intake

Ensure at least 20% of your total calories come from fat. Prioritise saturated and monounsaturated sources, plus at least two portions of oily fish per week.

3. Audit your micronutrient intake

For three days (including one weekend day), track what you eat. Are you consistently short on zinc, magnesium, or vitamin D? If so, prioritise whole food sources first, before considering supplements.

4. Audit your body composition

Read how to measure your body composition accurately first, then decide if you need to lose fat or not.

You should aim for the 10–20% body fat range for long-term hormonal health and optimal testosterone production. We have plenty of resources if you want to read how to lose fat properly.

5. Reassess after a month

Monitor your energy, libido, training performance, and body composition. If things are improving, keep at it.

If you want a more wide-ranging plan, which covers lifestyle, sleep, exercise and environmental modifications; signup to our 28-day testosterone boost course — diet is only one piece of a larger puzzle.

7-Day Example Meal Plan

This plan is designed for an average active man eating approximately 2,500 kcals a day, with 25–35% of calories from fat, adequate protein, and micronutrient-rich whole foods.

Day	Breakfast	Lunch	Snack	Dinner
Mon	Scrambled egg, smoked salmon, wholegrain toast & avocado	Grilled chicken, olive oil-lemon dressing, mixed leaves, cherry tomatoes, pumpkin seeds & feta	A handful of mixed nuts & a piece of fruit	Beef stir-fry + broccoli, peppers & brown rice
Tue	Full-fat Greek yoghurt, mixed berries, walnuts, & honey	Mackerel on wholegrain toast, rocket, cucumber, & a boiled egg	Cottage cheese + sliced apple	Lamb chops + roast sweet potato, spinach & hummus
Wed	Omelette + mushrooms, onion, & cheese	Lentil soup + wholegrain bread & an orange	2-3 Brazil nuts & a small piece of dark chocolate	Salmon fillet + quinoa, roast asparagus, green salad & olive oil-lemon dressing
Thu	Porridge + full-fat milk, chia seeds, flaxseeds & banana	Grilled steak in wholegrain wrap + avocado, mixed leaves, red onion	2 Hard-boiled eggs + celery salt	Roast Chicken thighs in garlic, olive oil, & herbs + roast vegetables & new potatoes
Fri	Scrambled egg, smoked salmon, wholegrain toast & spinach	Tuna niçoise + boiled eggs, green beans, olives, potatoes & olive oil-lemon dressing	Full-fat Greek yoghurt + pumpkin seeds	Beef burgers (made from lean mince) + sweet potato fries, slaw, & a side salad
Sat	Fried eggs, bacon, mushrooms, tomatoes & wholegrain toast	Prawn stir-fry + pak choi, snap peas, soy sauce, & noodles	Mixed nuts & cheese	Slow-cooked lamb shoulder & roast root vegetables
Sun	Poached eggs on wholgrain toast, chili & avocado	Roast chicken + roast vegetables, potatoes	Hummus + vegetable sticks	Sardines on toast + a large salad, olive oil-lemon dressing

Takeaways

There is no single superfood that will transform your testosterone levels overnight.

What matters is the overall content of your diet: eating enough calories, getting adequate dietary fat from whole food sources, meeting your basic micronutrient needs, and maintaining a healthy body composition.

For most men, maintaining a lean physique year-round, eating at or slightly above maintenance calories with 25–35% of calories from fat, will produce better outcomes than repeatedly cycling between aggressive cutting and bulking phases.

Start with the basics. Get your calories right. Eat good fats. Eat enough zinc and magnesium. Get sunlight when you can.

Sources

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3. Hamalainen EK et al. Decrease of serum total and free testosterone during a low-fat high-fibre diet. J Steroid Biochem. 1984;18(3):369-370. PMID: 6298507

4. Prasad AS, Mantzoros CS, Beck FW, Hess JW, Brewer GJ. Zinc status and serum testosterone levels of healthy adults. Nutrition. 1996;12(5):344-348. PMID: 8875519

5. Pilz S et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men. Horm Metab Res. 2011 Mar;43(3):223-5. PMID: 21154195

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7. Smith SJ et al. The effects of alcohol on testosterone synthesis in men: a review. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Mar;18(2):155-166. PMID: 36880700

8. Sprengel M et al. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) supplementation: a review of its mechanisms, health benefits, and role in sports performance. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2025 Feb 5;22(1):9. PMID: 39910586

9. Mansoori A et al. Effect of fenugreek extract supplement on testosterone levels in male: A meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytother Res. 2020;34(7):1550-1555. PMID: 32048383

10. Clemesha CG et al. 'Testosterone Boosting' Supplements Composition and Claims Are not Supported by the Academic Literature. World J Mens Health. 2020 Jan;38(1):115-122. PMID: 31385468